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Characteristic
Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre; and it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. Crystalline silicon is dark blue, brittle, and typically semiconductor.There are two types of allotrope, one is dark brown amorphous powder, using magnesium to reduce silica, the nature is more active, can be burned in the air, known as amorphous silicon;Another stable crystal (crystalline silicon) is obtained by reducing silica in an electric furnace with carbon.Silicon is mainly in the form of oxygen-containing compounds. As the most abundant element next to oxygen, it exists in the earth's crust. It accounts for about a quarter of the surface rocks.
Chemical Formula:Si
Phase at STP:solid
Appearence:crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Melting point:1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F)
Boiling point:3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Density (near r.t.):2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.):2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion:50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization:383 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity:19.789 J/(mol·K)
Application
Silicon is a semiconductor material that can be used to make semiconductor devices, solar panels, optical fibers and integrated circuits.It can also be used in the form of alloys (such as ferrosilicon alloys) for automotive and mechanical parts.Also used with ceramic materials in cermet.Also used in the manufacture of glass, concrete, brick, refractory materials, siloxane, silane.With iron union, can become siliceous steel, this is a kind of wear-resisting steel piece, commonly used on all sorts of tools.In addition, silicon is one of the main components of stainless steel, which is used to make stainless steel wear resistant.
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